* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: roboto, sans-serif;
}

body {
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #333;
}


 body {
      font-family: 'roboto', arial;
    }

      
    .navbar-nav .nav-item {
      margin-right: 15px;
    }

    .navbar-nav .nav-link {
      background-color:#1259a7;
      color: #ffffff !important;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 18;
      letter-spacing: 0.5px;
      transition: all 0.3s ease;
      padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
      border-radius: 0.375rem;
    }

    .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover {
      background-color: #ffffff;
      color: #1259a7 !important;
    }

    /* Desktop Dropdown */
    .dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
      display: block;
      margin-top: 0;
    }

    .dropdown-menu {
      background-color: #1259a7;
      min-width: 260px;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 0.4rem;
      padding: 0.5rem 0;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    }

    .dropdown-item {
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 0.5rem 1.25rem;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size:18
      transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .dropdown-item:hover {
      background-color: #ffffff;
      color: #1259a7;
    }

  /* Responsive dropdown fix (mobile) */
    @media (max-width: 991.98px) {
      .navbar-collapse {
        background-color: #1259a7;
      }

      .dropdown-menu {
        background-color: #1259a7;
      }

      .dropdown-item {
        color: #ffffff;
      }

      .dropdown-item:hover {
        background-color: #ffffff;
        color: #1259a7;
      }
    }

    @media (min-width: 768px) {
      .header-contact {
        text-align: end;
      }
    }
a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}

ul {
  list-style: none;
}



/* Hero Section */
.hero {
  width: 696px;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: #1259a7;
}

.hero p {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 800px;
  color: #1259a7;
}

/* Main Content Layout */
.main-content {
  display: flex;
  padding: 0 2rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}


.sidebar {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 250px;
  margin-left: 10px;
}

.vita_scientia_flex {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  background-color: #fcfbfb;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #f5f5f5;
  height: auto;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.news-item_border_none {
  border: none !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
}

.headline_flex_div {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.content {
  flex: 3;
  min-width: 300px;
}

/* Sections */
.section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  width: 386px;
}

.section h2 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #1259a7;
  width: 150px;
  color: #1259a7;
}

.section a {
  font-size: 25px;
  color: #1259a7;
  border-bottom: 3px solid #1259a7;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  margin-top: 8px !important;
  display: inline-block;
}

.section ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  position: relative;
}

.section ul li:before {
  content: "•";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  color: #0066cc;
  top: 11px;
  font-size: 25px;
}

/* Research Papers */
.research-paper {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  width: 48%;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e2e2;
}

.research-paper h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: #1259a7;
  font-size: 26px;
}

.research-paper p {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.paper-meta {
  display: flex;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #666;
}

.row_research {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.read-more {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1.8rem;
  background-color: #1259a7;
  color: white;
  border-radius: 46px;
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

span.professor-text {
  margin-left: 70px;
}

.read-more:hover {
  background-color: #0055aa;
}

/* News Section */
.news-item {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  border-right: 2px solid #eee;
  text-align: center;
  height: 150px;
  align-items: center;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
  background-color: #1259a7;
  color: white;
}

.footer-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  padding: 3rem 2rem;
}

.footer-column {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 200px;
}

.footer-column h3 {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.footer-column ul li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-column ul li a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

a.read-more ::before {
  right: 50%;
}

element.style {

}

.copyright {
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #ffffff;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Fixed Header */

/* Hero Slider */
.hero-slider {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.slider-container {
    display: flex;
    height: 100%;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.logo_and_icon_flex p {
    color: #1259a7;
}

.slide {
  min-width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
}

/* Slide Backgrounds */
.slide1 {
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)),
    url("../img/banner2.png") no-repeat center/cover;
}
.slide2 {
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)),
    url("../img/banner3.png") no-repeat center/cover;
}
.slide3 {
  background: linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)),
    url("../img/banner4.png") no-repeat center/cover;
}


/* Slider Dots */
.slider-dots {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 20px;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  display: flex;
}

.dot {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  margin: 0 5px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: 0.3s;
}

.dot.active {
  background: white;
}

/* Main Container */
.container {
  width: 362px;
}

/* Search Box */
.search-input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 14px 18px;
  font-size: 16px;
  border: 1px solid #1e1e1e;
  border-radius: 106px;
  transition: 0.3s;
  background-color: #fff;
}

.footer_icon {
  gap: 22px;
  display: flex;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.search-label {
  display: block;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.search-input {
  padding: 14px 18px;
  font-size: 16px;
  border: 1px solid #d9d9d9;
  border-radius: 106px;
  transition: 0.3s;
  width: 329px;
  height: 65px;
}

button.search__box_but {
  margin-top: 22px;
  width: 170px;
  height: 55px;
  border-radius: 40px;
  border: none;
  background-color: #1259a7;
  color: #fff;
  display: inline-block;
}

.issue-box form {
  text-align: center;
}

.search-input:focus {
  outline: none;
  border-color: #3498db;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(52, 152, 219, 0.1);
}

/* Current Issue Box */
.issue-box {
  background: #f5f5f5;
  padding: 80px 30px;
  text-align: center;
}

.issue-publisher-but {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
}

button.contents-but {
  font-size: 18px;
  width: 146px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.issue-heading {
  font-size: 38px;
  color: #1259a7;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  margin-top: 60px;
  line-height: 40px;
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid #fff;
}

.issue-date {
  font-size: 15px;
  color: #777;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.issue-title {
  font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px); /* Responsive font size */
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #222;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.issue-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(20px, 3vw, 28px);
  color: #555;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.issue-publisher {
  margin-top: 25px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #888;
  letter-spacing: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.headline_bg_div {
  height: 332px;
  background-color: #fff;
  padding: 20px 0;
}

.our_top_research_section {
  padding: 38px 0 0 0;
}

.our_top_research_section h2 {
  color: #1259a7;
  font-size: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.research-paper_bg {
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}

.hero_sidebar_flex {
  background-color: #fcfbfb;
}

.headline_bg_div h2 {
  color: #1259a7;
  font-size: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #1259a7;
  width: 230px;
}

.news-item h3 {
  color: #1259a7;
  font-size: 25px;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.research-paper_box {
  display: flex;
}

.research-paper_img img {
  margin-right: 24px;
}





/* Position the dropdown properly below the parent */
.access-menu {
  position: relative;
}

.access-submenu {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  background-color: #1259a7;
  min-width: 180px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.access-submenu li a {
  color: white;
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.access-submenu li a:hover {
  background-color: #0a3f77;
}

/* Show dropdown when parent has .open class */
.access-menu.open .access-submenu {
  display: block;
}







@media (max-width: 1300px) {
ul#nav-menu a {
  color: white;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: bold;
  padding: 0 6px;
}
}


/* Responsive Styles */
@media (max-width: 850px) {
  nav ul {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 70px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background-color: white;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    z-index: 9;
  }

  .access-menu {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: transparent;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: none;
    position: static;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .hero {
    width: 100% !important;
  }

  .main-content {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .section {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .headline_bg_div {
    height: auto;
  }

  .news-item {
    padding: 0;
    height: auto;
  }

  .headline_flex_div {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .access-menu > li:hover .access-submenu {
    top: 100%;
    left: -20%;
    box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 20%) 0px 8px 24px;
    border-radius: 30px;
  }

  

  nav ul.show {
    background-color: #1259a7;
}

  .container {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .mobile-menu-btn {
    display: block;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    z-index: 999;
    margin-right: 30px;
  }

  header nav {
    justify-content: right;
  }

  .row_research {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  .row_research {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .research-paper_box {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  ul#nav-menu a {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }

  .main-content {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .vita_scientia_flex {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .section a {
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .search-input {
    width: 270px;
    height: 55px;
  }

  .issue-heading {
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    margin-top: 30px;
    line-height: 30px;
  }

  .our_top_research_section {
    padding: 20px 0 0 0;
  }

  .our_top_research_section h2 {
    font-size: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
  }

  .research-paper {
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    padding: 0.8rem;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .paper-meta {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  .news-item h3 {
    font-size: 20px;
    margin-top: 5px;
  }

  .headline_bg_div h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .main-content {
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 0 0.8rem;
  }

  .section h2 {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
  }

  .vita_scientia_bg {
    width: 100%;
  }

}

/* Responsive Layout */

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .issue-box {
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .issue-title {
    font-size: 24px;
  }

  .issue-subtitle {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}



@media (max-width: 1130px){

  ul#nav-menu a {
    color: white;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  .headline_flex_div {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .row_research {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .vita_scientia_flex {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    height: auto;
  }
  .section a {
    width: 70%;
  }

  .section {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .headline_bg_div {
    height: auto;
  }

  .research-paper_box {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  .main-content {
    padding: 0 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

  nav ul {
    gap: 1.2rem;
  }

}

@media (max-width: 1075px){
  
  nav ul {
    gap: 0rem;
  }
  
}

@media (max-width: 920px){

  ul#nav-menu a {
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 0 8px;
  }

}

@media (max-width: 820px){
  ul#nav-menu a {
    font-size: 11px;
    padding: 0 8px;
  }

}


  @media (max-width: 768px) {
      .mobile-menu-btn {
        display: block;
      }

      #nav-menu {
        display: none;
        flex-direction: column;
        position: absolute;
        top: 103px;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
      }

      .mobile-menu-btn span#close {
        color: #fff !important;
      }

      #nav-menu.show {
        display: flex;
      }

      .access-submenu {
        position: relative;
        display: block;
      }

    .access-submenu {
    background: #1259a7;
    left: -5px;
    top: 0px;
    width: 100%;
    display: none;
    left: 0px;
  }
    }

/* Dropdown Fix */

nav ul li {
  position: relative;
}

nav ul li ul {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  background: #1259a7;
  min-width: 180px;
  z-index: 1000;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

nav ul li:hover > ul {
  display: block;
}

nav ul li ul li {
  padding: 10px;
}

nav ul li ul li a {
  color: #fff;
  display: block;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

nav ul li ul li a:hover {
  background-color: #0a3f77;
}