Lipsticks are among the most widely used cosmetic products, combining aesthetic appeal with essential functional performance. Effective lipstick manufacturing requires a precise balance of ingredients to achieve the desired colour, durability, texture, and user safety. This review outlines the fundamental principles of lipstick formulation, focusing on key components such as waxes, oils, pigments, colorants, emollients, and functional additives.

Cough is a common clinical manifestation of respiratory tract disorders and significantly affects quality of life across all age groups. Herbal cough syrups have been traditionally used for symptomatic relief and are increasingly incorporated into contemporary formulations due to their multi-component therapeutic potential.

Heart failure continues to exact a substantial global burden despite modern drug regimens. A persistent problem lies in the disruption of nitric oxide–soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic GMP signalling, which promotes endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis and diastolic impairment. Vericiguat, an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, restores cyclic GMP production independently of nitric oxide and thereby improves myocardial and vascular performance.

The targeted and sustained delivery of anticancer drugs remains a major focus in pharmaceutical research to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. This study involves the formulation, evaluation, and optimization of Lenalidomide-loaded niosomes for improved drug delivery in cancer therapy.